ABSTRACT
Inulin has been used as a prebiotic to alleviate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in mice and humans by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the mechanism underlying the alleviation of metabolic disorders by inulin through interactions between the gut microbiota and host cells is unclear. We use ob/ob mice as a model to study the effect of inulin on the cecal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and its interaction with host cells by transcriptomics. The inulin-supplemented diet improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorder parameters in ob/ob mice, alleviating fat accumulation and glucose intolerance. The α diversity of gut microbial community of ob/ob mice was reduced after inulin treatment, while the β diversity tended to return to the level of wild type mice. Interestingly, Prevotellaceae UCG 001 (family Prevotellaceae) was obviously enriched after inulin treatment. A comparative analysis of the gene expression profile showed that the cecal transcriptome was changed in leptin gene deficiency mice, whereas the inulin-supplemented diet partially reversed the changes in leptin gene-related signaling pathways, especially AMPK signaling pathway, where the levels of gene expression became comparable to those in wild type mice. Further analysis indicated that Prevotellaceae UCG 001 was positively correlated with the AMPK signaling pathway, which was negatively correlated with markers of glycolipid metabolism disorders. Our results suggest that the inulin-supplemented diet alleviates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by partially restoring leptin related pathways mediated by gut microbiota.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases , Metabolism , Cecum , Metabolism , Microbiology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Inulin , Therapeutic Uses , Leptin , Genetics , Metabolic Diseases , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Microbiology , Mice, Obese , Prebiotics , Signal Transduction , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of ginkgo biloba extract(GBE)on c-reactive protein(CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in serum and alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)from rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods 90 rats were randomly divided into groups A,B,C,D,E and F. There were 15 rats in each group. The rat model of COPD were established in groups B,C,D,E and F. Groups C and D were given intraperitoneal injections with GBE from day l to day l4 and day 29 to day 42. Groups E and F weregiven intraperitoneal injections with erythromycin from day l to day l4 and day 29 to day 42. After the end of experi-ment ,the contents of CRP and TNF-α in serum and BALF were detected in all groups. Results The contents of CRP and TNF-α in the serum and the BALF were markedly lower in groups C,D,E and F than in group B (P<0.05);and the contents of CRP in the serum and the BALF and TNF-αin the BALF were lower in groups C, E and F than in group D(P<0.05). Conclusions GBE can inhibit the airway and systemic inflammatory response in COPD rats. Early intervention is more effective.